Does Cold Weather Make You Store Body Fat?

Do you get fatter in the cold weather? It's a good question right now, considering that this year's farmer's almanac is predicting a frigid winter. It's FREEZING here in New Jersey and we just got dumped with 3 feet of snow!

Some of my friends up in the great white yonder think that temps in the 20's are balmy. Yeah right. With the wind chill, even my bones had goose bumps today. I can't even fathom the sub zero stuff those guys live in. Adding insult, my friends in LA and South Florida have been more than happy to share their local January weather reports with me. 80 degrees and sunny. Thanks guys –you suck. 

Back to the question. I just got an email from a burn the fat reader who asked, "Tom, is there any evidence that during cold winter weather it gets harder to lose body fat? For me, it seems easier to drop fat during the hot weather." 

Yes, there is. 

First there's the psychological explanation: in warm climates, people are wearing less clothes and enjoying the outdoors and people want to look good when they're exposing more flesh! In the cold, you're covered up, so there's less self-consciousness and no public accountability. Therefore, most people tend to stay on a diet more diligently and train harder when summer rolls around. 

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has been studied at length by psychologists. Often more than just the "winter blues" but an actual type of depression, SAD occurs during the short days and long nights of winter and fall, when there's less sunlight and colder temperatures. Symptoms include depression, cravings for specific foods, loss of energy, hopelessness and oversleeping. Obviously, these types of symptoms can contribute to weight gain. 

Because of their tendency for fall and winter weight gain, many people have suspected that cold temperatures influence weight gain on a metabolic level, not just eating more. Exposure to cold temperatures can cause a shivering thermogenesis which means there's an increase in metabolism to produce more heat (heat production = calories burned). 

However, if you just got the bright idea of turning off the heat in your house, or going for a swim in the cold surf every day to "burn more fat", I wouldn't recommend it. Deliberate exposure to the cold, either cold air or cold water doesn't pan out into real world fat loss results, even though there are actually "fat loss gurus" who recommend it. 

 

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Here's why: 

If your body uses some energy for shivering or heat production, it can compensate later for that energy loss by increasing your appetite. Not only that, research at the hyperbaric environmental adaptation program at the Naval Medical Research Institute in Bethesda Maryland reported that, "The combination of exercise and cold exposure does NOT act to enhance metabolism of fats… Cold-induced vasoconstriction of peripheral adipose tissue may account, in part, for the decrease in lipid mobilization." 

It's just not practical to freeze your butt off in an attempt to speed up your metabolism a tiny little bit, so your fat loss scheme wouldn't last long if you tried. 

A great example of how cold temperatures affect energy balance is in the case of swimming. For years, people thought swimming actually made you fat. There were all kinds of theories, like, "it makes you retain a layer of fat for insulation, like seals." Actually, the most recent research shows that swimming is a perfectly good fat burning exercise, except for one thing: Swimming, especially in cold water, increases appetite dramatically. 

The seasons affect your activity levels too. Pedometer research published in the journal Medicine and Science and Sports And Exercise uncovered a huge difference in the number of steps taken between the summer and winter: 

7616 steps per day in summer
6293 steps per day in fall
5304 steps per day in winter
5850 steps in spring 

Most people blame winter weight gain on the food, but it's not just the Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's celebration feasts, it's less winter activity that also contributes to the holiday pounds. 

Although studies have found that seasonal weight gain is usually very small, it's the type of slow weight creep that goes unnoticed. Over a period of 10, 15 or 20 years, it's enough to accumulate into becoming overweight or obese. 

Thus many men and women wake up one morning at age 40 or 45, look in the mirror and ask themselves, "How did I get so heavy?" Answer: just a pound or two a year, after each winter season, left unchecked. 

To stay lean all year round, you have to remain alert about increases in your appetite and decreases in your activity. This is a YEAR-ROUND LIFESTYLE! Stay active, stay diligent about nutrition, stay accountable, and if you start to experience weight gain, nip it in the bud - fast! 

 

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